Case 1: Countries where no animal welfare legislation was found
Case 2: Countries having basic national laws: anti-cruelty laws (or penal code provisions) and new legislation on animal welfare
Case 3: Countries with a national civil code provision giving a new status to animals.
Case 4: Countries with a basic national law and a provincial civil code provision giving a new status to animals1
Case 5: Countries with a basic national law and a national civil code provision giving a new status to animals1
Case 6: Countries with a basic national law and a provincial or local constitutional principle2
Case 7: Countries with a basic national law and a national constitutional principle2
Case 8: Countries with a basic national law, a national civil code provision giving a new status to animals1 and a national constitutional principle2
1 Civil codes provisions giving a new status to animals recognize the sentient nature of animals and/or extract them from the category of things (however they are still subjected to the property regime)
2 Constitutional principles are key provisions recognizing a duty of the State, province or city toward animal beings. Those important principles (e.g: compassion, dignity etc.) differ from more common provisions recognizing only the jurisdiction (eg: national or provincial) to legislate on animal cruelty or animal welfare matters.
